The four waves of modern terrorism - 1563 Words

Modern terrorism, as deduced from this literature, is acts to violence strategically used by secular groups spanning international borders with the aim of achieving a desired outcome. Further, it can be seen as organized activity whose genesis can be traced back to the 1880’s. From then to now there are identifiable traits and patterns observed from different (terrorist) groups which have allowed for the conceptualization of the term modern terrorism. This concept therefore, can be best explained in the context of being a wave or having a life cycle. That means it is a cycle of activity demarked by phases from inception and expands along the way then eventually it declines. The world, thus far, has experienced four waves of modern†¦show more content†¦There were also many incidents of high profiled figures being assassinated. Unlike the predeceasing waves groups conducted more assaults abroad than on their home soil also, there were many American targets. Islam has dominated the Religious wave. The acts of terrorism associated with other religious groups have been minimal. Islamic groups are noted to have conducted most of the profoundly and deadly international attacks. There was a combination of three events in the Islamic world, all occurring in 1979, which was responsible for the launching of the fourth wave. The events were the Iranian Revolution, the beginning of a new Islamic century and the Soviets invasion into Afghanistan. Iranians had succeed in a revolt against the secular culture that persisted by the then Shah. This showed that religious orientations had strong influence in defeating the Shah. Subsequently, the Iranians inspired and assisted in Shiite terror in other Islamic territories. Inspired by the self-martyrdom tactics of medieval Assassins the Shiites in Lebanon introduced suicide bombing which proved very effective in ousting the Americans and other foreign military occupation in their territory. At the time of the Revolution in Iran the new century of Islam began inspiring thousands of Muslims to flock to Mecca; this caused 10,000 causalities. This happening may be linked to incidences of Sunni terrorism experience in Egypt,Show MoreRelatedThe First Wave Of Terrorism1740 Words   |  7 Pages‘old’ terrorism, where ‘new’ terrorism phenomenon is predominately linked with ‘religious’ terrorism. David Rapoport, also known as one of the most well known founding figures of terrorism studies, joined UCLA in 1962 as a political theorist and later he became a founder and editor of Terrorism and Political Violence (UCLA). The idea of religious terrorism coincides with Rapoport’s (2004) theory on the waves of modern terrorism, especially the fourth wave. Rapoport (2004) contends that modern terrorismRead MoreThe History of Terrorism in America1861 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Terrorism in America tends to be a product of many issues, population as well as conflict that has co-existed within the nations borders. Uniquely United State has been known for its ability to contain multitudes in relative harmony. According to investigations, majority of terrorism in the history of America is motivated by an extreme distrust of the ideal American democracy that has given opportunity for every individual to claim loyalty to, in addition to benefiting from AmericanRead MoreReligion Is The Cause Of Recent Suicide Terrorist Attacks Around The World Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesshows there has been a majority opinion that religion is the cause of recent suicide-terrorist attack around the world. In the wake of recent terrorist attacks, Western culture has jumped to an easy and apparent conclusion that seeking to eliminate terrorism means realizing the motivations of the terrorists. The perpetrators of most of these terrorist attack, have all claimed motivation from their religion. However, religious beliefs and opinions plays a significant role in the lives of individuals asRead MoreThe Transformation of Terrorism Essay2150 Words   |  9 Pages Terrorism like any other political concepts has encountered various definitions by different scholars and organizations. It has no precise or broadly accepted definition, but to put it in a description way, it would be simply stating terrorism as â€Å"a violence or the threat of violence calculated to create an atmosphere of fear and alarm – in a word, to terrorize- and thereby bring about some social or political change† (Rapoport, 2002). Furthermore, the term of terrorism has been defined by theRead MoreChemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Weapons10512 Words   |  43 PagesIntroduction Terrorism is far from new to nations around the world. Attacks that make the headlines in international news occur almost daily. However, each act of terrorism provides its own goal or objective, which may or may not have a different aim than a previous attack, which makes the threat even more difficult to prevent. Terrorism is a concept that is hard to define, but many government organizations and authors around the world have defined or attempted to provide a definition of terrorism. In spiteRead MoreA New Era Of Terrorism3093 Words   |  13 PagesThe notion that we are in a â€Å"new† era of terrorism is a concept frequently discussed by many scholars. Despite the term being coined in the 1990s, it has quickly gained significance after 9/11. This ‘New’ era is presumably characterized by many factors such as(Duyvesteyn,2010,p443); religious fanaticism rather than the political motivations of traditional Right Wing Dissident Terrorists(RWDT’s); the deli berate targeting of innocent civilians; shift to the use of loosely organised networks as opposedRead MoreImpact Of Terrorism On Contemporary International Relation1786 Words   |  8 Pagespoints each. Each response should Question 4: Define terrorism and put it into historical context. What are the principal features of contemporary terrorism and how does it differ from the past? Discuss with reference to processes of integration and fragmentation and post-modern warfare. Using at least one example from the course readings or your independent research, explain the impact of terrorism on contemporary international relation. Terrorism is a term the world hears more than we want to. ISISRead MoreGlobal Climate Change : Green Energy1107 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal climate change is one of the most menacing environmental issues the world faces. Furthermore, we currently observe the detrimental effects of climate change such as an accelerated rise in sea levels, melted ice caps and intensified heat waves. The reason for this threatening global climate change is the emission of greenhouse gases by humans. The most conventional source of greenhouse gases emissions stem from combustion of fossil fuels derived from vehicles, factories and energy sources.Read MoreMass Media Today a Summary1563 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary framework of social, economic and cultural forces? Markets, politics, policies, exploitation, and marginalization all need an ideological basis. Such ideologies require production and reproduction through public text and talk, which in our modern times are largely generated or mediated by the mass media. The fortresses of Europe and North America are not merely socio-economic palaces of the rich, but also mansions of the mind, that is, ideological constructs. The fundamental question is areRead MoreThe Formation of a Global Community Essay3821 Words   |  16 PagesGlobalization, Tourism, and Terrorism: The Formation of a Global Community Throughout the past thirty years traveling tourists have had the opportunity to travel all over the world and discover a variety of different cultures. This incredible opportunity has been facilitated by the developments of tourist friendly locales all over the world in remote areas of the globe such, Madagascar, Easter Island (off the coast of Chile), Bali, and more recently the Mentawai Islands off the coast of Sumatra